INDIA

The Raj: 

• The goal of the Raj was to make India a key part of the economy for British.
• They established a trade route in India & it was highly profitable- it put the people into work. This was highly beneficial for the British, and horrible for the Indian's. The British set up infrastructure for India (railroads/roads/paths).
• They also made the Suez Canal, this was to make distances between India & Britain.
• The Bad things about this: The British flood India with inexpensive textiles, this wiped out the Indian hand-weaving. 
• This forced people to grow cash crops, instead of food.
• The profits things of British Rule: Peace within India, improved infrastructure, Legal system that ignored your caste, India's upper class sends sons for education, which makes them rich from cooperation. 

Ghandi:

• Mohandas K. Gandhi is one of the most influential people to this world, to this day.
• He pioneered the usage of non-violent strikes and acts during the Indian independence movement. Gandhi felt this way, that violence is unnecessary and to stoop down to the level that the British took just so that India can be free is dumb. Gandhi leads India to the civil rights that they deserve. He doesn’t argue with the British government either, he complies with them at their every request. Whenever they want to ‘arrest’ Gandhi, he simply went along- never any arguments. He is known as “Mahatma” meaning, “of Great Soul”, for his unreal motivation and dedication to make the world a peaceful place. 
• Gandhi first used the non-violent acts when he was a lawyer in South Africa. He was a current resident in the Indian community while everyone was struggling for their civil rights. He returned to India in 1915, with the intention of stopping the discrimination from British, to Indians, in their homeland. All of Gandhi’s several nationwide campaigns were held for the same intention- to get the independence of India from the foreigners (British) domination. 

• A Hindu man by the name of Nanthuram Godse assassinated Gandhi in midday January 30^th, of 1948. This nationalist thought Gandhi was too sympathetic, friendly and made too many acts of kindness to the Muslims. He assassinated him on January 30^th, because it’s Martyrs’ Day in India.

Partition:

•  Partition in India was between India and Pakistan.
• They decided the partition would be based on what region was more in what area. Whoever had more of the population iin whatsoever area, became part of that country (Pakistan, or India).
• They divided parts of Pakistain in to East and West Pakistan.
• The Princely States is how the British divided India.
• Each of the Princely States was ruled by a prince/monarch
• The Princely States were taken over by other states, in many occaisons.

Nehru: 

• A member of the Indian congress. 
• Nehru was fairly young. 
• He becomes the 1st prime-minister of the independent India. 
• Didn't get along w/ Jinnah.

Jinnah:

•  Born and raised a Muslim. 
• Jinnah was part of the Muslim community and one of the major leaders. 
• He becomes the leader of the independent Pakistan. 

Nonviolent Residence:

• The nonviolent residence in India is the acts and ways that Ghandi takes to make sure that there is peace, everywhere.
• Gandhi first used the non-violent acts when he was a lawyer in South Africa. He was a current resident in the Indian community while everyone was struggling for their civil rights. He returned to India in 1915, with the intention of stopping the discrimination from British, to Indians, in their homeland. All of Gandhi’s several nationwide campaigns were held for the same intention- to get the independence of India from the foreigners (British) domination. 

Kashmir:

• Kashmir, India is where my ancestors are from! 
• Maharaja- Monarch of Jammu & Kashmir
• Maharaja rises his power to help British military take over Northern India.
• Out of 4 Million people, 93% of them were Muslims, and the other 7% is Hindu, him being one of the 7%.
• The Maharaja of Kashmir chose to repain independent.
• Muslim military forces from Pakistan started invading Kashmir to free the Muslims
• Signed agreement in the end to Make Kashmir part of India.
• This caused chaos between the two countries.

• There were many attempts to resolve the Kashmiri Conflict:

  • 1948- UN orders for free elections in Pakistan, but it never happens.
  • 1948- UN unceases fire
  • 1998- Pakistan and India start to build Nuclear Weapons, and succeed.
  • Later that year, another Kashmiri War.
  • This is the 1st time that two countries with nuclear weapons fight against each other.

Line of Control:

• The Line of Control in India is where the Muslim & Indian armies take over.
• To this day, there are people killed on this area over the situation between India and Pakistan.
• The Siachen Glacier is the fighting mountian, where the Indian's and Muslim's fight today.
• The Line of Control is one of the most armed boarders to this day.

There were many attempts to resolve the Kashmiri Conflict:

• 1948- UN orders for free elections in Pakistan, but it never happens.
• 1948- UN unceases fire
• 1998- Pakistan and India start to build Nuclear Weapons, and succeed.
• Later that year, another Kashmiri War.
• This is the 1st time that two countries with nuclear weapons fight against each other.

INTERVIEW

 The origins of the Kashmiri-Pakistani war were between the Indians in Kashmir & the Pakistanis in Pakistan. During the partition there was a large Muslim population and a small Hindu population in India. The conflict was deciding weather or not Kashmir would be part of India or if it would be a part of Pakistan. The Muslims from India moved back to Pakistan on the partition, and the Hindus from pakistan moved back to Kashmir.

They moved by food, horse, train & by busses. When the traveled by train it took about one day, by foot it took about (2-3) weeks and people brought food and wheats with them on the way. It was extremely unsafe. The Muslim people leaving Kashmir lost the rights of their property in India by moving and vise versa.
The main dangers of the partition was that as the people got displaced they not only lost their properties they had the risk of being killed by the conflicting countries. There was no police or safety either.
My grandmother and grandfather moved to England by ship. They and a lot of their friends who were all business men and women moved together. They were very high in society in Kashmir and in England. Starting over was not that hard because a lot of their friends were with them.